1 Introduction 1

Part I Crystal Chemistry 7

2 Atomic Structure 9

3 Chemical Bonding 23

Part II Chemical Reactions 49

4 Basic Thermodynamic Concepts 51

5 Thermodynamics of Solutions 79

6 Geothermometry and Geobarometry 107

7 Reactions Involving Aqueous Solutions 134

8 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions 167

9 Kinetics of Chemical Reactions 197

Part III Isotope Geochemistry 223

10 Radiogenic Isotopes 225

11 Stable Isotopes 253

Part IV The Earth Supersystem 281

12 The Core–Mantle–Crust System 283

13 The Crust–Hydrosphere–Atmosphere System 326